Английский язык Контрольная

1. In addition to minimizing typing errors, a mouse makes operating a microcomputer easier for beginning users.

2. The programming languages discussed attracted attention of many users.

3. Preparing a computer program we translate ordinary business data into machine languages.

4. When all the errors are corrected and the program is debugged, the CPU will execute the instructions and the results will be tabulated.

5. Great plants producing computers are equipped with modern machinery.

1. All preparations having been made, we started writing the program.

2. The information having been stored, the computer was ready to operate.

3. A very basic syntax is used with assembler language, with each line of coding being composed of two basic files.

4. He had our program presented to the team leader.

5. This programming paradigm cannot be considered as being favourable.

1. Computer-aided testing is determined by the aims of educational procedure.

2. Programmers begin solving a problem by developing an algorithm.

3. Computer teaching programs often involve breaking a learning task down into a series of subtasks.

4. Most people don’t really understand the process of transforming raw data into usable information.

5. A computer can be used as a tool simply by using it as a calculator or in complicated programs for analyzing data or displaying data in a clear and interesting way.

1. The name of Bill Gates became known all over the world for his having made great achievements in computer science.

2. This programming language owes its fame to looking easy but being hard.

3. To a large extent the skilled analyst’s productivity may be attributed to his having acquired, through many repetitions, the necessary technique.

4. His having proved the advantages of the new system is very important.

5. In spite of being very complicated, the programming language C++ has been learned.

1. As soon as we write a program, we shall inform you.

2. If a program were written too hastily, valuable time might be lost subsequently in implementing the necessary changes.

3. Unless they had studied programming, they would not have compiled the program.

4. The system will fail to perform unless the requirements are satisfied.

5. I wish I knew the difference between machine and assembly languages.

Program Planning

The programming process begins with a problem statement that helps you clearly define the purpose of a computer program. In the context of programming, a problem statement defines certain elements that must be manipulated to achieve a result or goal. A good problem statement for a computer program has three characteristics: 1. It specifies any assumptions that define the scope of the problem. 2. It clearly specifies the known information. 3. It specifies when the problem has been solved. In a problem statement an assumption is something you accept as true in order to proceed with program planning. The “known information” is the information that you supply to the computer to help it solve a problem. There are also variables (values that can change) and constants (factors that remain the same) in computer programs. Formulating a problem statement provides a minimal amount of planning, which is sufficient for only the simplest programs. A typical commercial application requires far more extensive planning, which includes detailed program outlines, job assignments, and schedules. To some extent, program planning depends on the language and paradigm used to code a computer program. The phrase programming paradigm refers to a way of conceptualizing and structuring the tasks a computer performs. For example, whereas one programmer might focus on the steps required to complete a specific computation, another one might focus on the data that forms the basis for the computation. Quite a number of programming paradigms exist, and a programmer might use techniques from multiple paradigms while planning and coding a program. There are different program planning tools, such as flowcharts, structured English, pseudocode, UML diagrams, and decision tables, which are used to provide sufficient planning. Regardless of the tools used, when planning is complete, programmers can begin coding, testing, and documenting. The process of coding a computer program depends on the programming language you use, the programming tools you select, and the programming paradigm that best fits the problem you are trying to solve. Programmers typically use a text editor, a program editor, or a VDE to code computer programs. A text editor is any word processor that can be used for basic text editing tasks, such as writing e-mail, creating documents, or coding computer programs. When using a text editor to code a computer program, you simply type in each instruction. A program editor is a type of text editor specially designed for entering code for computer programs. A VDE (visual development environment) provides programmers with tools to build substantial sections of a program by pointing and clicking rather than typing lines of code. A typical VDE is based on a form design grid that a programmer manipulates to design the user interface for a program. By using various tools provided by the VDE, a programmer can add objects, such as controls and graphics, to the form design grid. In the context of a VDE, a control is a screen-based object whose behavior can be defined by a programmer.