Variant 4
I. Перепишите следующие предложения, употребив нужную форму глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык:
1. Water (to consist) of oxygen and hydrogen. 2. Glass widely (to use) for the production of different valuable articles. 3. By the end of the next month we (to finish) our work. 4. There (to be) a book and 2 pens on the desk. 5. When I entered the room he (to write) a letter to his sister.
1. Water consists of oxygen and hydrogen. Вода состоит из кислорода и водорода. 2. Glass is widely used for the production of different valuable articles. Стекло широко используется для производства различных ценных предметов.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на функции причастия и независимый причастный оборот:
1. The book written by this scientist is very interesting. 2. The cathode being heated, the electrons leave its surface and move towards the anode. 3. Having done his homework the student decided to go to the cinema. 4. The room facing the garden was very comfortable. 5. If translated well, the article will be published.
1. The book written by this scientist is very interesting. Книга, написанная этим ученым, очень интересная. 2. The cathode being heated, the electrons leave its surface and move towards the anode. При нагревании катода электроды покидают его поверхность и направляются к аноду.
III. Перепишите предложения, содержащие герундий, и переведите их
1. My friend gave up smoking a few years ago. 2. I aking a cold shower in the morning is very useful. 3. I had no hope of getting the letter before the end of the week. 4. The children went to bed without seeing the film. 5. We know of Lebedev's having made the first synthetic rubber in the world.
1. My friend gave up smoking several years ago. Мой друг бросил курить несколько дней назад. 2. Taking a cold shower in the morning is very useful. Принятие холодного душа утром – очень полезно.
IV. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на функции инфинитива:
1. Who was the first to discover electricity? 2. The students were glad to have taken part in the scientific conference. 3. This grammar exercise has many sentences to be analyzed. 4. To stop dry winds we plant forests. 5. To determine the composition of this mixture is the aim of our laboratory work.
1. Who was the first to discover electricity? Кто первым изобрел электричество. 2. The students were glad to have taken part in the scientific conference. Студенты были рады принять участие в научной конференции.
V. Перепишите предложения с субъектным и объектным инфинитивными оборотами и переведите их:
1. I remember professor Smirnov to have lectured at our club. 2. In ancient times the Sun was thought to be revolving round the Earth. 3. We expected the expedition to be back in August. 4. Radium is believed to cure several diseases. 5. He is sure to be writing a letter to his friend now.
1. I remember professor Smirnov have lectured at our club. Я помню, как профессор Смирнов читал лекции в нашем клубе. 2. In ancient times the Sun was thought to be revolving round the Earth. В древние времена считалось, что Солнце вращается вокруг Земли.
VI. Перепишите сложноподчиненные предложения с придаточными условия и переведите их:
1. If Kate were free I should come to see her. 2. What shall we do if he is late? 3. If the Russian Government had taken care of Sedov's expedition he would not have had so many difficulties. 4. If you do not work systematically you will fail at the examination. 5. Pete world finish the work in time if he had the necessary equipment.
1. If Kate were free I should come to see her. Если бы Кейт была свободна, мне бы следовало ее увидеть. 2. What shall we do if he is late? Что нам делать, если он опоздает?
VII. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение:
I. The molecules every substance consists of are in a state of constant motion. 2. The place we had to pass through in the wood was dark and gloomy. 3. What is the title of the book you have spoken about with you friend? 4. The newspaper reports a delegation of English workers will come to our country in June. 5. Nick said he liked to work in the evening.
1. The molecules every substance consists of are in a state of constant motion. Молекулы, из которых состоит каждое вещество, находятся в постоянном движении. 2. The place we had to pass through in the wood was dark and gloomy. Место, через которое нам пришлось пройти, было темным и мрачным.
VIII. Прочтите и устно переведите следующий текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 2-й и 3-и абзацы.
GREEN GOLD
1. The National Flag of the Republic of Belarus, a symbol of its state sovereignty, is a rectangular cloth consisting of two longitudinal stripes (red upper stripe and green lower stripe) that are two-thirds and one third of the flag width respectively. The green colour of the flag signifies that nearly one-third of the country is covered with puschas, large unpopulated tracts of forests. They are scattered across the Republic like islands, the largest of mem being inalidokskava, Grounenskaya and beiovezinskaya puschas.
2. Forests are known to play an important part in our life. Unprotected soil easily dries up and becomes unfit for cultivation. Forests are the best water holders and soil protectors. The denser the forest is, the more moisture the soil can get. The thick mass of leaves quickly absorbs the rain falling over a forest. Later this same water comes to the surface again in the form of streams. The shade that trees give is another reason why forests help in controlling moisture: delaying the melting of the snow forests help in filling the rivers.
3. The forest holds the soil in place not letting the rain wash it away. By saving the soil forests help in keeping the water in rivers clear and pure. In places where there are no forests, rain waters quickly find their way into the rivers washing away the rich upper soil and filling water with sand and mud.
4. Forests affect the climate. At night trees make the radiation of heat from the ground under them much slower. Large groups of trees protect the land from strong winds and may greatly decrease their strength.
5. Our scientists fight against the forces of Nature by remaking Nature. They increase the richness of the soil by planting forests. Cultivators of forests get timber - the green gold of the country - not by felling trees without thinking what damage it may cause but by planning the work carefully.
Зеленое золото
2. Forests are known to play an important role in our life. Unprotected soil easily dries up and becomes unfit for cultivation. Forests are the best water holders and soil protectors. The denser the forest is, the more moisture the soil can get. The thick mass of leaves quickly absorbs the rain falling over a forest. Later this same water comes to the surface again in the form of streams. The shade that trees give is another reason why forests help in controlling moisture; delaying the melting of the snow forests help in filling the rivers.
Известно, что леса играют важную роль в нашей жизни. Незащищенная почва легко высыхает и становится непригодной для выращивания. Леса – лучшие хранители вод и защитники почв. Чем гуще лес, тем больше влаги почва может получить. Толстая масса листьев быстро поглощает дождь, падающий на лес. Позже эта же вода снова появляется на поверхности в виде ручьев.
X. Прочтите текст еще раз и письменно ответьте на следующие вопросы:
1. What does the green colour of the national flag of Belarus oignify?
2. How do forests affect the climate?
3. How do our scientists increase the richness of the soil?
1. What does the green colour of the national flag of Belarus signify? The green colour of the national flag of Belarus signifies the nearly one-third of the country is covered with puschas, large unpopulated tracts of forests.
