Задание 2
Задание 3
Задание 4
New research has demonstrated that the effects on white matter brain volume from long-term alcohol abuse are different for men and women.
Researchers from Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM) and Veterans Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System examined brain images from 42 abstinent alcoholic men and women who drank heavily for more than five years and 42 nonalcoholic men and women. The researchers found that a greater number of years of alcohol abuse was associated with smaller white matter volumes in the alcoholic men and women. In the men, the decrease was observed in the corpus callosum, while in women this effect was observed in cortical white matter regions.
“We believe that many of the cognitive and emotional deficits observed in people with chronic alcoholism, including memory problems and flat affect, are related to disconnections that result from a loss of white matter,” said Mosher Ruiz.
The researchers also found that the number of daily drinks had a strong impact on alcoholic women, with the volume loss 1.5 to 2 percent for each additional drink. Additionally, there was an 8 to 10 percent increase in the size of the brain ventricles, which are areas filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that play a protective role in the brain. When white matter dies, CSF produced in the ventricles fills the ventricular space.
The researchers also found that in men, white matter brain volume in the corpus callosum recovered at a rate of 1 percent per year for each year of abstinence. For people who abstained less than a year, the researchers found evidence of increased white matter volume and decreased ventricular volume in women, but not in men. However, for people in recovery for more than a year, those signs of recovery disappeared in women and became apparent in men.
2. Поставьте 5 вопросов ко всему содержанию текста
1) What has the point of new research?
2) What did examine the Researchers from BUSM and VA?
3) What did find the researchers?
3. Употребите глагол-сказуемое в правильной форме
Central nervous system depressants 1______(to be) drugs used to treat anxiety and sleep disorders in people and 2_____(to include) Mebaral, Nembutal, Valium and Xanax. Though the ways these drugs 3______(to work) on the body 4_____(to differ) from narcotic pain relievers, many of the side effects, including drowsiness and disconnectedness, 5______(to be) the same.
Central nervous system depressants are drugs used to treat anxiety and sleep disorders in people and include Mebaral, Nembutal, Valium and Xanax. Though the ways these drugs work on the body differ from narcotic pain relievers, many of the side effects, including drowsiness and disconnectedness, are the same.
4. Выберите правильный предлог
1. These effects can lead (to, for, from, out, since) physical and mental changes that can put alcohol users and others at risk of injury or death.
2. Drinking alcohol can affect the heart (in, to, for, on, under) good and bad ways.
3. Drinking too much alcohol affects many parts (of, to, in, at, out of) the body.
4. Long-term alcohol use can also result (to, for, in, on, from) high blood pressure
5. CNS depression is treated (at, by, within, in, above) a hospital setting by maintaining breathing and circulation.
1. These effects can lead to physical and mental changes that can put alcohol users and others at risk of injury or death.
2. Drinking alcohol can affect the heart in good and bad ways.
3. Drinking too much alcohol affects many parts of the body.
4. Long-term alcohol use can also result in high blood pressure.
5. CNS depression is treated in a hospital setting by maintaining breathing and circulation.
