1. Read and translate the text.
What does Cruelty Free Mean?
Written By: Mary McMahon
Edited By: Niki Foster
“Cruelty free” is a label that has been adopted by many cosmetic manufacturers who wish to indicate that their products were made without the use of animal testing. It is a voluntary label, and not subject to external audit or inspection. Many consumers seek out cruelty free products because they feel that animals should not be exploited for cosmetic testing.
Animals have been used to test cosmetic products for centuries, in a variety of ways. Rabbits are perhaps most infamously used, because they have delicate eyes and membranes that are employed in the Draize test, a cosmetic test in which products are applied directly to the surface of the eye and the effects documented. However, a variety of other species are employed in animal testing, which cosmetic companies claim ensures the safety of their products.
This claim is under contention from the animal rights movement, which argues that there are cruelty free ways to test cosmetics to make sure that they are not harmful to humans. Extensive education campaigns by animal rights organizations made consumers aware of the extent of animal testing and encouraged consumers to think about the hidden price of their cosmetics. As a result, customer demand caused companies to think about and use alternative testing methods.
2. Mark the following statements true or false. If the statement is false, correct it.
1. Cruelty-free is a label for products or activities that do not harm or kill animals anywhere in the world.
It’s false. “Cruelty free” is a label that has been adopted by many cosmetic manufacturers who wish to indicate that their products were made without the use of animal testing.
2. Consumers can make cosmetic companies to use alternative testing methods instead of animal testing.
It’s false. Consumers demand caused companies to think about and use alternative testing methods.
3. Find the English equivalents in the text.
1. жестокость - cruelty
2. нетестируемый на животных продукт - cruelty free product
3. движение за права животных - animal welfare organizations
4. Fill in the gaps with the words or phrases given below.
a. animal use
b. animal testing
c. cruelty-free
d. animal ingredients
e. alternative test methods
f. completely eliminated
1. Products tested on animals are not considered 1. c. cruelty-free, since these tests are often painful and cause the suffering and death of millions of animals every year.
2. b. Animal testing is any scientific experiment or test in which a live animal is forced to undergo something that is likely to cause them pain, suffering, distress or lasting harm.
5. Complete the sentences using the ideas from the text.
1. “Cruelty free” is a voluntary label hence it is not subject to external audit or inspection.
2. Cosmetic companies claim that they use animal testing to ensure the safety of their products.
3. Animal rights movement advocates claim that there is no need in animal testing as there are cruelty free ways to test cosmetics to make sure that they are not harmful to humans.
6. Answer the questions.
1. Why do some consumers seek out cruelty free products? Some consumers seek out cruelty free products because they feel that animals should not be exploited for cosmetic testing.
2. Why do cosmetic companies test their products on animals? Cosmetic companies test their products on animals because animals have been used to test cosmetic products for centuries, in a variety of ways.
3. What do animal rights organizations do on the issue of animal testing? Animal rights organizations make consumers aware of the extent of animal testing and encourage consumers to think about the hidden price of their cosmetics.
7. Tense review. Are the sentences grammatically right or wrong? Correct the wrong ones.
1. I don’t speak Portuguese.
Right
2. Let’s go out. It not snowing any more.
Right
3. “What time is Mark leaving?” - “He has already went.”
Wrong
“What time is Mark leaving?” - “He has already left.”
4. What were they doing at 9:30 last night?
Right
5. Martin was very happy. He won in the lottery.
Wrong
Martin was very happy. He has won in the lottery.
6. David burnt his hand while he was starting a fireplace.
Wrong
David has burnt his hand while he was starting a fireplace.
8. Making comparisons. Complete the sentences using adjectives in brackets.
1. It was a very cold day. It was the coldest day of the year. (cold)
2. He’s a very interesting person. He’s the most interesting person I’ve ever met. (interesting)
3. My case isn’t very heavy. Your case is heavier. (heavy)
9. Complete the sentences with appropriate modal verbs.
1. Could you speak up a bit, please? I can not here you very well.
2. I’m not working tomorrow, so I don’t have to wake up early in the morning.
10. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct passive form. Mind the tenses.
1. Plants are used by herbalists to cure common illnesses. (use)
2. Two days ago her suitcases have been searched by customs officers at the airport. (search)
3. Our leaking roof will be fixed by the builders now. (fix)
11. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense, then identify the types of conditionals.
Example:
I’ll have/ 1
or
I’ll have/buy/ 1
1. If we find a taxi, we will get there before the play starts. (get)
The First Conditional
2. If you stopped complaining, we would be able to get some work done today. (stop)
The Second Conditional
3. If you had canceled within the time limit, we would have given you a full refund. (cancel)
The Third Conditional.
