Задание 1.
Задание 2.
Задание 3.
Задание 4.
Задание 1.
Прочитайте текст и письменно переведите на русский язык выделенный курсивом отрывок
Biomass in Power Generation
Biomass is already widely used to generate electricity in the forest products industries using wood wastes as fuel for steam-turbine systems. However, steam turbines are relatively expensive and inefficient at the small scale to which biomass use is best suited. In addition, readily available resources of low-cost biomass are needed to make this approach economic. Integrated gasification/gas turbine technology offers a more promising route to biomass power. Hot fuel gases are generated form biomass and used to drive a gas turbine which in turn generates electricity. Shell companies are involved in a development programme to construct a biomass power demonstration plant in Brazil fuelled by biomass fr om a eucalyptus plantation. The project has financial support from the UN Global Environmental Facility. If the equipment development trials are satisfactory, construction is scheduled to start in 1985. If successful, the project could expand the potential of biomass in Brazil, especially in the sugar/alcohol industries, and encourage the use of dedicated fuelwood plantations as an important source of primary energy worldwide.
Biomethanol, bioethanol, vegetable oils and vegetable oil esters are all potential transportation fuels. Bioethanol has been used neat or in blends with gasoline, notably in Brazil. Under the Brazilian Proalcool project, heavily subsidized by the government keen to reduce dependence on foreign oil supplies, ethanol produced from sugarcane provides more than half the country’s automobile fuel. There are also ethanol programmes in the USA (ethanol from maize), Zimbabwe and Malawi. Vegetable oil esters have lower viscosities and higher cetane numbers than pure vegetable oils and thus have greater potential as diesel fuel substitutes or blends. In Europe interest is being shown in rapeseed oil methyl ester either on its own or in a blend with diesel.
Биомасса уже широко используется для производства электроэнергии в лесных отраслях промышленности с использованием древесных отходов в качестве топлива для паротурбинных систем. Однако паровые турбины относительно дороги и неэффективны в небольших масштабах, которым лучше всего подходит использование биомассы. Кроме того, для того, чтобы сделать этот подход экономичным, необходимы доступные ресурсы недорогой биомассы.
Задание 2.
Поставьте вопросы (не менее пяти) ко всему содержанию текста и дайте на них ответы. В вопросах используйте следующие вопросительные слова и выражения: when, how long, why, how much/many, wh ere, etc.
Why is biomass use best suited? Biomass use is best suited because steam turbines are relatively expensive and inefficient at the small scale.
What does integrated gasification/gas turbine technology offer? Integrated gasification/gas turbine technology offers a more promising route to biomass power.
Задание 3.
Откройте скобки, употребив глагол в нужном времени, и переведите предложения на русский язык.
3.1 In power stations, in factories and in cars we burn more and more fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas). На электростанциях, заводах и в машинах мы сжигаем все больше и больше ископаемого топлива (уголь, нефть и природный газ).
3.2 16 billion tons of carbon dioxide enter the atmosphere every year. Ежегодно в атмосферу поступает 16 миллиардов тонн углекислого газа.
Задание 4.
Употребите правильный предлог, если необходимо и заполните пропуски
4.1 Many of chemicals end up in man.
4.2 Several principles basic of environmental legislation have been developed for the last fifteen years.
