КР 1 Вариант 1
I. Выберите правильную форму глагола, согласующуюся с подлежащим. Запишите составленные предложения, переведите их на русский язык.
Example: The news is/are bad.
Новости - плохие.
1. The talks are/ is going ahead between the Government and the unions.
Проходят переговоры между правительством и штатами.
2. Politics is/ are a dirty business.
II. Выберите нужную форму прилагательного или наречия. Запишите составленные предложения, переведите их на русский язык.
Напишите три формы сравнения этих прилагательных или наречий.
Example: He was a bit depressed yesterday but he looks happily / happier today.
Вчера он был слегка расстроен, а сегодня выглядит более счастливым.
happy – happier – the happiest
1. There’s been a lot of talk about European integration late/ lately.
О Европейской интеграции недавно ходило много разговоров.
lately – more lately – most lately
2. Do you feel nervous/ nervously before the examinations?
III. Выберите нужные местоимения.
Запишите составленные предложения, переведите их на русский язык.
Example: He didn’t come to some/any results.
Он не пришел ни к какому результату.
1. I want to see him but they/he doesn’t want to see mine/me.
Я хочу его видеть, но он не хочет видеть меня.
2. These books are mine but this/those newspaper is yours.
IV. Соедините части (1-4) с (а-d).
Запишите составленные предложения, переведите их на русский язык.
1. Do interest rates usually go up in …
2. They built most houses out of wood…
3. The Chancellor will announce the details of the budget…
4. She has an important project to finish…
V. Составьте и запишите предложения из данных слов.
Example: mother/was/when/to/my/yesterday/her/busy/went/I /see.
My mother was busy when I went to see her yesterday.
1. parents/is/most/thing/your/family/for/life/the/important?
Is family life the most important thing for your parents?
VI. Раскройте скобки, употребив подходящее по смыслу производное слово. Запишите предложения, переведите их на русский язык.
Example: The (major) majority of students took the (examine) examination successfully.
1. I recently left my job in an (advertise) advertising agency after a (agree) disagreement with my boss.
Я недавно уволился с работы в рекламном агентстве после разногласия с моим начальником.
2. My next door neighbour has a very unusual (appear) appearance.
Работа над текстом
I. Ознакомьтесь с незнакомыми словами к тексту.
an inventor /In'ventq/ изобретатель
to claim /'kleIm/ требование, претензия
to be responsible for отвечать за
advance /q'dvRns/ прогресс, успех
to be associated with ассоциироваться, быть связанным с
elocutionist /'elq'kjHSqnIst/ преподаватель дикции
to ameliorate /q'mJlIqreIt/ улучшать (ся)
deafness /'defnIs/ глухота
a beam /bJm/ луч
a precursor /prI'kWsq/ предвестник, предшественник
visible /'vIzIbl/ видимый
II. Прочитайте текст, постарайтесь понять его содержание.
Alexander Graham Bell
1. Alexander Graham Bell (March 3, 1847 – August 2, 1922) was a Scottish-American-Canadian scientist and inventor. He was, until recently, widely considered to be the inventor of the telephone, although this matter has become controversial, with a number of people claiming that Antonio Meucci was the 'real' inventor. In addition to his work in telecommunications technology, he was responsible for important advances in aviation and hydrofoil technology.
2. Alexander Graham Bell was educated at the Royal High School of Edinburgh, fr om which he graduated at the age of 13. At the age of 16 he secured a position as a pupil-teacher of elocution and music in Weston House Academy at Elgin, Scotland. The next year he spent at the University of Edinburgh.
While still in Scotland he is said to have turned his attention to the science of acoustics, with a view to ameliorate the deafness of his mother.
In 1870, at the age of 23, he immigrated with his family to Canada, where they settled at Brantford.
3. Before he left Scotland, Bell had turned his attention to telephony, and in Canada he continued an interest in communication machines. He designed a piano which could transmit its music to a distance by means of electricity.
In 1873, he accompanied his father to Montreal, Canada, wh ere he was employed in teaching the system of visible speech. The elder Bell was invited to introduce the system into a large day-school for mutes at Boston, but he declined the post in favour of his son, who became Professor of Vocal Physiology and Elocution at Boston University's School of Oratory.
4. At Boston University he continued his research in the same field, and produced a telephone which would not only send musical notes, but articulate speech. On March 7, 1876, the U.S. Patent Office granted him Patent № 174 465 covering "the method of, and apparatus for, transmitting vocal or other sounds telegraphically…” the telephone.
5. After obtaining the patent for the telephone, Bell continued his many experiments in communication, which culminated in the invention of the photophone-transmission of sound on a beam of light – a precursor of today's optical fiber systems. He also worked in medical research and invented techniques for teaching speech to the deaf. The range of Bell 's inventive genius is represented only in part by the eighteen patents granted in his name alone and the twelve he shared with his collaborators.
III. Укажите, какое из данных утверждений соответствуют содержанию текста.
1. A.G. Bell is unanimously considered to be the inventor of the telephone.
2. Nobody claims that the telephone was invented by A. Meucci.
3. A.M.Bell described the method of teaching deaf mutes to understand what other people were saying by the motion of their lips.
КР 2 Вариант 1
I. Перепишите предложения, выбрав подходящий модальный глагол. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
Example: These samples (may/ have to/ is to) be chosen deliberately. – Эти образцы могут быть отобраны (можно отобрать) произвольно.
1. There are several ways a digital or analog signal (may/ must/ аre to) be transmitted, including coaxial and fiber-optic cables.
Существует несколько путей передачи цифрового или аналогового сигналов, включая коаксиальную линию передачи и оптоволоконный кабель.
2. For the first time, a signal (should/ have to/ could) be sent faster than any other mode of transportation.
II. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните слова, которые выражены Participle I, Participle II или Gerund, указав, чем они являются (из вышеназванных). Переведите предложения на русский язык.
Example: There are several ways of obtaining this substance. (Gerund) – Существует несколько способов получения этого вещества.
1. Einstein didn’t enjoy talking very much; in fact, he waited till he was three before he started to talk. (Gerund) – Эйнштейн не очень любил болтать; на самом деле, он до трех лет не умел говорить.
2. When studying elements Mendeleyev found that they could be divided into nine groups. (Participle I)
III. Перепишите предложения, выбрав подходящие по смыслу видовременные формы глагола. Переведите предложения на русский язык. Укажите время и залог выбранных форм глаголов.
Example: The engineer was asked/ asked to test the device. (Past Simple, Passive Voice) – Инженера попросили испытать механизм.
1. The professor describes/ has described achievements in robotics to his students. (Present Perfect, Active Voice) – Профессор описал достижения в области робототехники своим студентам.
2. The new engine is testing/ is being tested in the laboratory now. (Present Continuous, Passive Voice)
IV. Определите глаголы-сказуемые в предложениях. Перепишите предложения, преобразуя глаголы-сказуемые из активного в пассивный залоги, сохраняя временные формы глаголов. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
Example: A.S. Popov invented the radio in 1895. – The radio was invented by A.S. Popov in 1895. – Радио было изобретено А.С.Поповым в 1895 году.
1. The technician was testing a new device from 11 till 12 yesterday.
A new device was being tested by the technician from 11 till 12 yesterday.
Новое устройство тестировалось мастером вчера с 11 до 12.
2. The organizers of the conference will warn the participants in advance.
V. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на определительные и дополнительные придаточные предложения.
Example: We understand that this problem must be solved. – Мы понимаем, что эту задачу надо решить.
1. Experiments show that there is very little attraction between the molecules of any gas. – Эксперименты показывают, что между молекулами любого газа существует очень малое притяжение.
2. Students asked the teacher what amplifiers were called linear.
Работа над текстом
I. Ознакомьтесь с незнакомыми словами к тексту.
claim /kleIm/ заявление
to contribute /kqn'trIbjHt/ внести вклад (в)
to award /q'wLd/ награждать
to be responsible (for) /rI'spPnsqb(q)l/ отвечать (за), способствовать
to reverse /rI'vWs/ отклонять
II. Прочитайте текст, постарайтесь понять его содержание.
Who Invented the Radio?
1. Marconi's claim that he invented radio was always disputed by Nikola Tesla and Alexander Popov.
Although many scientists and inventors contributed to the invention of wireless telegraphy, including Michael Faraday, Heinrich Rudolf Hertz, Alexander Popov, Nikola Tesla, Thomas Alva Edison, and others, Marconi’s practical system achieved widespread use, so he is often credited as the “father of radio”.
2. Marconi was awarded the patent for Radio communications with British Patent GB12039, "Improvements in transmitting electrical impulses and signals and in apparatus there-for" on 2 July, 1897 (sometimes recognized as the World's first patent in radio telecommunication).
Marconi did develop a practical model and was responsible for the first successful exploitation of the invention practically at the same time with Alexander Popov, who described his findings in a paper published in 1895. Popov publicly demonstrated the transmission of radio waves between different campus buildings to the St. Petersburg Physical Society in March 1896. Actually, Marconi publicly demonstrated his system several months later, in September. Upon learning about Marconi's experiments, Popov effected ship-to-shore communication over a distance of 6 miles in 1898 and 30 miles in 1899. He died in 1905 and his claim was not pressed by the Russian government until 40 years later.
3. Tesla initially held the rights to radio, but the US Patent Office reversed its decision and awarded Marconi the patent for radio. Tesla fought to re-acquire his radio patent, but failed. A lawsuit regarding Marconi's numerous other radio patents was resolved by the U.S. Supreme Court, who overturned most of these (1943). Their decision was based on the proven prior work conducted by Sir Oliver Lodge, and others, from which the other Marconi’s patents stemmed. Marconi’s supporters stated that Marconi was not aware of the works of Nikola Tesla in the U.S. although the presentation at the Franklin Institute was reported across America and throughout Europe. It is unlikely, though, that Marconi was unaware of Tesla's presentation, “On Light and Other High Frequency Phenomena”, in Philadelphia.
However, the U. S. Supreme Court noted the primacy of Marconi's first patent stating, “Marconi’s reputation as the man who first achieved successful radio transmission rests on his original patent, which became reissue No. 11,913, and which is not here in question”. At the time, the United States Army was involved in a patent infringement lawsuit with Marconi's company regarding radio, leading some to posit that the government nullified Marconi's other patents in order to mute any claims for compensation (as, some posit, the government’s initial reversal to grant Marconi the patent right in order to nullify any claims Tesla had for compensation).
4. Another pioneer of wireless communication was Prof. Jagdish Bose. In 1894, Bose ignited gunpowder and rang a bell at a distance using electromagnetic waves, confirming that communication signals can be sent without using wires.
III. Укажите, какое из данных утверждений соответствуют содержанию текста.
1. Marconi was the only person who invented the radio.
2. A. Popov demonstrated his system several months later than Marconi.
3. Marconi was not aware of Nicola Tesla’s works.
