Иностранный язык Вопросы

1. There isn’t anything on TV tonight. – Сегодня по телевизору ничего не показывают.

2. Jack hasn’t anyone to help him. – Некому помочь Джеку.

1. Honesty is the best policy. – Честность – лучшая политика.

2. The older men declare war. But it is the youth that fight and die. – Старики объявляют войну. Но именно молодежь сражается и умирает.

1. Draughts is not a complicated game. – Шашки не сложная игра.

2. Scissors is a small tool with two sharp blades screwed together. – Ножницы – это небольшой инструмент с двумя острыми лезвиями, привинченными друг к другу.

1. It’s a fine day. Everything goes right. – Это хороший день. Все идет как надо.

2. There’s a big crowd at the station tonight. – Сегодня вечером большая очередь на станции.

1. The city of Montreal covers 70 square miles. – Город Монреаль занимает площадь в 70 квадратных миль. – What square does the city of Montreal cover? / Does the city of Montreal cover 70 square miles? – The city of Montreal doesn’t cover 70 square miles.

2. Scientists in many different countries are working to explain its mystery. – Ученые многих стран работают над объяснением этой тайны. – Are scientists in many different countries working to explain its mystery? – Scientists in many different countries are not working to explain its mystery.

1. I usually leave work before 8 o’clock. Present Simple – Обычно я ухожу с работы до 8 часов.

2. John is painting the garage at the moment. Present Continuous – Джон красит гараж чейчас.

1. Some time ago Jill’s hair was long but now it is short. She has cut it. Present Perfect – Некоторое время назад волосы Джил были длинные, но сейчас они короткие. Она обрезала их. 

2. Our mother had cooked the dinner before we all returned. Past Perfect – Наша мама приготовила ужин до того, как мы вернулись.

1. All historical places of London are in the West End. – Все исторические места Лондона расположены в Вэст Энде. – are – to be – Present Simple, множественное число.

2. I have not seen Bill for a long time. – Я не видел Била целую вечность. – have not seen – to see – Present Perfect.

3. Can you hear a bird singing? – Слышишь как птицы поют? – hear – to hear – Present Simple.

4. Many different languages are spoken in Europe. – В Европе говорят на множестве разных языков. – are spoken – to speak – Present Simple Passive.

1. You must wear a helmet when you ride a motorcycle. – Ты должен одевать шлем, когда ездишь на мотоцикле. 

2. I had to go to the bank yesterday to get some money. – Мне нужно было сходить в банк вчера, чтобы снять деньги. 

Invention

Invention (device or process) is creation of new de¬vices, objects, ideas, or procedures useful in accom¬plishing human objectives. The process of invention is invariably preceded by one or more discoveries that help the inventor solve the problem at hand. A discovery may be accidental, such as the discovery of X – rays by Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen while he was experimenting with cathode rays, or induced, such as the in¬vention of the lightning rod by Benjamin Franklin after he proved that lightning is an electrical phenomenon.

Early inventors were usually isolated and unable to support themselves through their inventions. In some cases, although two in¬dividuals working independently achieved the same in¬novation simultaneously, only one was recognized for the discovery. For example, the Amer¬ican inventors Elisha Gray and Alexander Graham Bell applied for a patent on the telephone on the same day. Credit for the discovery of the calculus was fought for bitterly by the English scien¬tist and mathematician Sir Isaac Newton and the Ger¬man philosopher and mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz.

Today most modern inventions and discoveries take place in large research organizations support-ed by universities, government agencies, private indus¬tries, or privately endowed foundations. Because of this, ascribing any single invention to a specific person has become difficult.

an invention – изобретение

creation – создание

a discovery – открытие

to support – поддерживать

research – исследование

Изобретение

Изобретение (устройств или процессов) – это создание новых устройств, объектов, идей или процедур, полезных для достижения человеческих целей. Процессу изобретения неизменно предшествует одно или несколько открытий, которые помогают изобретателю решить поставленную задачу. Открытие может быть случайным, как, например, открытие рентгеновских лучей Вильгельмом Конрадом Рентгеноном, когда он экспериментировал с катодными лучами, или индуцированным, как, например, изобретение громоотвода Бенджамином Франклином после того, как он доказал, что молния является электрическим явлением.

1. What is invention? – Invention is creation of new de¬vices, objects, ideas, or procedures useful in accom¬plishing human objectives.

2. Can the discovery be accidental? – Yes, it can. It can be both accidental and induced.

3. Early inventors were not usually isolated and unable to support themselves through their inventions, were they? – No, they weren’t. They usually were isolated and unable to support themselves through their inventions.