1. Read the text and translate it into Russian.
Electricity
It is impossible to imagine our civilization without electricity: economic and social progress will be turned to the past and our daily lives completely transformed.
Electrical power has become universal. Thousands of applica¬tions of electricity such as lighting, electrochemistry and electro¬metallurgy are longstanding and unquestionable.
With the appearance of the electrical motor, power cables re¬placed transmission shafts, gear wheels, belts and pulleys in the 19-th century workshops. And in the home a whole range of various time and labour saving appliances have become a part of our ev¬eryday lives.
Other devices are based on specific properties of electricity: electrostatics in the case of photocopying machine and electromagnetism in the case of radar and television. These applications have made electricity most widely used.
The first industrial application was in the silver workshops in Paris. The generator — a new compact source of electricity — was also developed there. The generator replaced the batteries and other devices that had been used before.
Electric lighting came into wide use at the end of the last century with the development of the electric lamp by Thomas Edison. Then the transformer was invented, the first electric lines and networks were set up, dynamos and induction motors were designed.
Since the beginning of the 20th century the successful development of electricity has begun throughout the industrial world. The consumption of electricity has doubled every ten years.
Today consumption of electricity per capita is an indicator of the state of development and economic health of a nation. Elec¬tricity has replaced other sources of energy as it has been realized that it offers improved service and reduced cost.
One of the greatest advantages of electricity is that it is clean, easily-regulated and generates no by-products. Applications of electricity now cover all fields of human activity from house washing machines to the latest laser devices. Electricity is the efficient source of some of the most recent technological advances such as the laser and electron beams. Truly electricity provides mankind with the energy of the future.
Электричество
Невозможно представить нашу цивилизацию без электричества: экономический и социальный прогресс будет обращен вспять, а наша повседневная жизнь полностью преобразится.
Электроэнергия стала универсальной. Тысячи областей применения электричества, таких как освещение, электрохимия и электрометаллургия, являются многолетними и бесспорными.
С появлением электродвигателя в мастерских 19 века силовые кабели заменили трансмиссионные валы, зубчатые колеса, ремни и блоки. А в доме целый набор различных экономящих время и трудовые ресурсы приборов стал частью нашей повседневной жизни.
В основе других приборов лежат специфические свойства электричества: электростатика в случае фотокопировальной машины и электромагнетизм в случае радара и телевизора. Эти устройства сделали электричество наиболее широко используемым.
Первое промышленное применение электричества было распространено в серебряных мастерских в Париже. Там же был разработан генератор – новый компактный источник электроэнергии. Генератор заменил аккумуляторы и другие устройства, которые использовались до этого.
2. Answer the questions.
1. What home applications of electricity do you know? There are quite a lot of them: photocopying machine, generator, transformer, etc. that are widely used in our everyday life (TV-sets, mobile phone, washing machine, microwave, telepnone, radio, etc.)
2. Where was the generator developed? It was developed in the silver workshop in Paris.
3. Find the English equivalents in the text.
трансмиссионные валы, зубчатые колеса, ремни и блоки – transmission shafts, gear wheels, belts and pulleys;
электроприборы, экономящие время и труд – time and labour saving appliances;
индукционные моторы – induction motors;
на душу населения – per capita.
4. Make the sentences out of the two parts.
1.Electricity – b) has completely transformed our everyday life.
2.The applications of electricity in the home and industry – a) have already become universal.
3. Electricity was used for the first time – f) for industrial purposes in the silver workshops in Paris.
4.The generator, a new source of electricity – e) was also developed in Paris.
5. Make up the sentences out of the given words.
1) electrical, have, our, easier made, life, appliances, different.
Different electrical appliances have made our life easier.
2) is, the consumption, the sign, of, economic, electricity, of, health.
The consumption of electricity is the sign of economic health.
3) cost, electricity, improved, offers, reduced, service.
Electricity offers improved service and reduced cost.
