1. Read the text and translate the extract in italic in written form.
2. Grammar work
A Make the following sentences passive.
B Choose the correct preposition
C Which of the two Russian variants corresponds to the English equivalents
D Write down two groups of the following words (nouns and adjectives):
3. Vocabulary work
A Match the words and their definitions.
B Match the synonyms
C Translate the following word chains:
4. Text work
A Choose the best variant to complete the sentences.
B Mark statements true or false, correct the false ones.
C Translate from English into Russian in written form.
D. Read the text again and answer the following questions.
1. Read the text and translate the extract in italic in written form.
WATER IS LIFE
Water is the natural resource we all know very well. One cannot live without it. We know it’s many forms - rain, snow, ice, hail, vapour, fog. Yet, water is the natural resource we least understand.
How does water get into the clouds? What happens when it reaches the Earth? Why is there sometimes too much and other times too little of it? And, most important, is there enough water for all the plants, and all the animals, and all the people? Water covers nearly three fourths of the Earth, most being sea water. But seawater contains salts, including those that are harmful to most land plants and animals. Still, it is from the salty seas and oceans that most of our fresh water comes - no longer salty and harmful. Water moves from clouds to land and back to the ocean in a never-ending cycle. Ocean water evaporates into atmosphere leaving salts behind, and moves across the Earth as water vapour. Water in lakes and rivers also evaporates and rises into the air.
Having cooled in the air the water vapour condenses and falls to the Earth as rain, hail or snow, depending on region, climate, season and topography. This part of the cycle is very important because man can use water stored in the atmosphere only when it falls to the land.
In the recent decades the problem of water supply to people and economics has become extremely urgent. The depletion of such water resources as surface water and ground water is inevitable.
Water resources are continuously renewed within the hydro-logical cycle. But with the abundance of water in the technological processes in major industries non-returnable losses of fresh water may increase its shortage. Building dams, reservoirs and canals is the important factor of the transformation of the hydrological regime. An essential measure is the conservation of water by all possible means, so as to decrease its expenditure per unit of production until "dry" technologies are established. It is very important to combat the pollution of rain and snow-melt water through the use of herbicides, pesticides and other toxic chemicals. Settling basins should be built to collect the most polluted run-off water especially at the beginning of snow-storms and during snow melt.
В последние десятилетия проблема водоснабжения людей и экономики стала чрезвычайно актуальной. Истощение таких водных ресурсов, как поверхностные воды и грунтовые воды, неизбежно.
Водные ресурсы постоянно обновляются в рамках гидрологического цикла. Но с обильным использованием воды в технологических процессах в крупных отраслях невозвратные потери пресной воды могут увеличить ее дефицит. Строительство плотин, водохранилищ и каналов является важным фактором изменения гидрологического режима.
2 Grammar work
A Make the following sentences passive.
1. Oceans cover the biggest part of the planet Earth. – The biggest part of the planet Earth is covered with oceans.
2. Rotting process will give back minerals to the soil, where plants will again use them. – Minerals will be given to the soil with rotting process, where plants will again use them.
B Choose the correct preposition.
1. All life on Earth depends on water.
2. Rivers and lakes are polluted by garbage, or with poisonous chemicals.
C Which of the two Russian variants corresponds to the English equivalents:
1. distilled water b
a) дистиллируя воду
b) дистиллированная вода
2. treated pollutants a
a) обработанные загрязнители
b) обрабатывать загрязнители
D Write down two groups of the following words (nouns and adjectives):
Nouns: container, condensation
Adjectives: salty, harmful
3. Vocabulary work
A Match the words and their definitions.
1. groundwater C A. water vapour either in the air or condensed on a surface.
2. wastewater D B. the process by which any substance is converted from a liquid state into vapor
3. moisture A C. water that occurs below the surface of the ground (source of water in springs and wells)
B Match the synonyms.
Atmosphere - air
Contamination - pollution
Reservoir - tank
C Translate the following word chains:
1 potential environmental pollutants - потенциальные загрязнители окружающей среды
2 artificial wastewater cleaning – искусственная очистка сточных вод
3 water pollution control plant – завод по контролю загрязнения воды
4 Text work
A Choose the best variant to complete the sentences.
1. Another measure is the (alteration, conversion, circulation, change) of industrial and heat power generation to closed-recirculating water-supply systems, which do riot require water of high quality.
2. Water (covers, protect, encase, wrap) nearly three fourths of the Earth, most being sea water.
B Mark statements true or false, correct the false ones.
1. Having warmed in the air the water vapour condenses and falls to the Earth as rain, hail or snow, depending on region, climate, season and topography. False. Having cooled in the air the water vapour condenses and falls to the Earth as rain, hail or snow, depending on region, climate, season and topography.
2. Seawater contains salts, including those that are useful to most land plants and animals. False. Seawater contains salts, including those that are harmful to most land plants and animals.
C Translate from English into Russian in written form.
1. Deforestation upstream may cause floods or shortage downstream, while a country's hydroelectric, irrigation and public water projects may cut off its neighbour's supply. – Вырубка леса вверх по течению может вызвать наводнения или нехватку вниз по течению, в то время как гидроэнергетические, ирригационные и общественные водные проекты могут пресечь поставку воды соседним территориям.
2. The ocean, which is a home to so much life, has been used as a place to dump garbage and poisonous chemicals for a long time. - Океан, который является домом для такого большого количества жизней, используется как место для сброса мусора и ядовитых химикатов долгое время.
D. Read the text again and answer the following questions.
1. Where does most of our fresh water come? The most of our fresh water comes from the salty seas and oceans - no longer salty and harmful.
2. What is the never-ending cycle the article tells about? Water moves from clouds to land and back to the ocean in a never-ending cycle. Ocean water evaporates into atmosphere leaving salts behind, and moves across the Earth as water vapour. Water in lakes and rivers also evaporates and rises into the air.
