1. Read and translate the text.
What is electricity?
Electricity is form of energy. Electricity is the flow of electrons. All matter is made up of atoms, and an atom has a center, called a nucleus. The nucleus contains positively charged particles called protons and uncharged particles called electrons. The nucleus of an atom is surrounded by negatively charged particles called electrons. The negative charge of an electron is equal to the positive charge of a proton, and the number of electrons in an atom is usually equal to the number of protons. When the balancing force between protons and electrons is upset by an outside force, an atom may gain or lose an electron. When electrons are "lost" from an atom, the free movement of these electrons constitutes an electric current.
Electricity is a basic part of nature and it is one of our most widely used forms of energy. We get electricity, which is a secondary energy source, from the conversion of other natural sources of energy, like coal, natural gas, oil, nuclear power and other natural sources which are called primary sources.
Many cities and towns were built alongside waterfalls (a primary source of mechanical energy) that turned water wheels to perform work. Before electricity generation began slightly over 100 years ago, houses were lit with kerosene lamps, food was cooled in iceboxes, and rooms were warmed by wood-burning or coal-burning stoves. Beginning with Benjamin Franklin’s experiment with a kite one stormy night in Philadelphia, the principles of electricity gradually became understood. In the mid-1800s, everyone’s life changed with the invention of the electric light bulb. Prior to 1879, electricity had been used in arc lights for outdoor lighting. The light bulb’s invention used electricity to bring indoor lighting to our homes.
Что такое электричество?
Электричество – это форма энергии. Электричество – это поток электронов. Вся материя состоит из атомов, а у атома есть центр, называемый ядром. Ядро содержит положительно заряженные частицы, называемые протонами, и незаряженные частицы, называемые электронами. Ядро атома окружено отрицательно заряженными частицами, так называемыми электронами. Отрицательный заряд электрона равен положительному заряду протона, а число электронов в атоме обычно равно числу протонов. Когда балансирующая сила между протонами и электронами нарушена внешней силой, атом может получить или потерять электрон. Когда электроны "отрываются" от атома, свободное движение этих электронов образует электрический ток.
2. Answer the questions.
1 .What is electricity? Electricity is form of energy that is the flow of electrons.
2. What is called nucleus? Nucleus is the center pf an atom.
3. What are protons and neutrons? Protons are positively charged particles, neutrons are uncharged particles.
3. Math the words below to their definitions:
Flow (n), proton, movement, natural gas, generation, cool (v), force, source, neutron, electron, secondary, particle.
1) Flammable gas, consisting largely of methane and other hydrocarbons, occurring naturally underground (often in association with petroleum) and used as fuel; – natural gas.
2) The action or fact of moving along in a steady, continuous steam; – Flow
3) A place, person, or thing from which something comes or can be obtained; – source.
4) A stable subatomic particle occurring in all atomic nuclei, with a positive electric charge; – proton.
5) Strength or energy as an attribute of physical action or movement; – force.
4. Find in the text the English equivalents for the following
Заряженные частицы – charged particles, положительно – positively, отрицательно – negatively, свободное движение – free movement, природный газ – natural gas, электрическая лампочка – electric bulb,
5. Make up the sentences out of the given words.
1. charged, a movement, through, of, circuit, electricity, particles, closed, is.
Electricity is a movement of charged particles through closed circuit.
2. negative, the electrons, charge, carry.
The electrons carry negative charge.
